Effect of prior portosystemic shunt on early hepatic hemodynamics and sinusoids following 84% hepatectomy in dogs

The effects of a prior portosystemic shunt (PSS) on the hepatic hemodynamics and sinusoids shortly after an 84% hepatectomy (Hx) were investigated in dogs. Fifteen mongrel dogs were divided into three groups, a 70% Hx group (n=5), an 84% Hx group (n=5) and an 84% Hx+PSS group (n=5). In the last group, a shunt was inserted between the splenic and femoral veins prior to the hepatectomy. The systemic and hepatic hemodynamics were measured, before and 180 min after the hepatectomy, and the remaining liver tissue was then examined immuno-histochemically by light microscopy using the thrombomodulin (TM) staining method. The postoperative portal vein pressure and the vascular resistance were significantly lower in the PSS group than in the 84% non-PSS group. The total postoperative hepatic blood flow was higher in the 84% non-PSS group than in the other two groups. Immunohistochemical observation after TM staining indicated that the sinusoidal endothelial cells in the 84% non-PSS group were markedly damaged 3 h after surgery. We conclude that a prior PSS improves the hepatic hemodynamics and is beneficial to the sinusoids within the first few hours of an 84% hepatectomy in dogs.     

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Increases Hepatic Sinusoidal Perfusion During Liver Regeneration in Mice

Conditioning with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) promotes liver regeneration in an experimental small-for-size liver remnant mouse model. The mechanisms involved in this extraordinary G-CSF effect are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of G-CSF on the hepatic microvasculature in the regenerating liver. The hepatic sinusoidal microvasculature and microarchitecture of the regenerating liver were evaluated by intravital microscopy in mice. Three experimental groups were compared: (1) unoperated unconditioned animals (control; n = 5), (2) animals conditioned with G-CSF 48 h after 60% partial hepatectomy (G-CSF-PH; n = 6), and (3) animals sham conditioned 48 h after 60% PH (sham-PH; n = 6). PH led to hepatocyte hypertrophy and increased hepatic sinusoidal velocity in the sham-PH and G-CSF-PH groups. Increased sinusoidal diameter and increased hepatic blood flow were observed in the G-CSF-PH group compared to the sham-PH and control groups. Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation between spleen weight and hepatic sinusoidal diameter in the G-CSF-PH group. The increased hepatic blood flow could explain the observed benefit of G-CSF conditioning during liver regeneration. These results elucidate an unexplored aspect of pharmacological modulation of liver regeneration and motivate further experiments.     

Evaluation of Ischemia-Reperfusion Liver Injury by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in an Experimental Swine Model: The Effect of Desferoxamine

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury has long been regarded a primary factor for the physiological dysfunction that can occur following major liver resection performed under vascular control. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of treatment with desferoxamine (DFO), a potent antioxidative agent, monitoring the I-R injury on a porcine model of major hepatectomy. Materials and Methods: Twelve female pigs were allocated to control (n = 6) and DFO groups (n = 6) and underwent 30 min of liver ischemia, during which a ≥30% hepatectomy was performed, followed by six hours of postoperative monitoring. The DFO group animals were preconditioned with a continuous iv solution of DFO to a total dose of 100 mg/kg during their postoperative period. Liver remnants (≈70% of initial liver volume) were evaluated by means of infrared spectroscopy, serum lactate measurement of the systemic, portal and hepatic vein blood, and by immunohistochemical assessment of apoptosis in consecutive liver biopsies. Results: DFO group demonstrated considerably faster restoration of tissue oxygenation (92.33% vs. 80%, p < .05) and serum lactate values (1.23 mmol/l vs. 2.27 mmol/l, p < .05). Moreover, apoptosis as estimated by TUNEL and caspase-3 staining was significantly lower in the DFO group (0.06% vs. 1.17% and 1.17% vs. 2%, respectively, p < .05). The severity of the I-R injury showed a linear correlation to the restoration of tissue oxygenation, as estimated by infrared-spectroscopy (r² = 0.81, p < .01). Conclusion: Iron chelation with DFO appears to attenuate I-R injury of the liver remnant following hepatectomy, as reflected by faster restoration of tissue oxygenation and lower apoptotic activity.     

对“联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术”的述评

联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术(ALPPS)是一个非常新的外科手术.该手术主要针对因未来剩余肝脏体积较小而不能接受大范围肝切除术的T分期较晚的肝癌患者而设计的.ALPPS第1步手术后,患者剩余肝脏对手术的反应非常强烈,使得肝脏体积急剧增生.因而可在第1步手术后1周左右施行第2步手术以切除所有肝内肿瘤(R0切除).本文追溯ALPPS的发展历史,描述该手术的传统步骤和手术的偏离等情况,分析该手术的短期疗效.尽管ALPPS后零死亡已有报道,但初步的研究结果表明:ALPPS的手术死亡率和并发症发生率仍然较高.ALPPS后尚没有明确的长远治疗肿瘤效果的报道.该手术在肝硬化肝癌患者中能否安全施行尚有疑问.     

射频消融技术在腹腔镜解剖性肝切除动物模型中的应用

目的评价在腹腔镜解剖性肝切除动物模型中应用射频消融（radiofrequency ablation,RFA）技术进行肝段定位、入肝血流阻断以及辅助肝实质离断的可行性、有效性和安全性。方法 20头猪选取不同肝段分别完成2个实验。第1个实验中,20头猪随机分为2组,分别为门静脉RFA辅助组（超声引导下肝段门静脉系统定位及RFA辅助肝段血流阻断下腹腔镜肝段切除）和常规腹腔镜切除组（常规腹腔镜肝段切除）,每组10头。第2个实验中,20头猪重新按随机数字表随机分为2组,分别为RFA辅助肝实质离断组（RFA辅助肝实质离断腹腔镜左外叶肝切除）和常规腹腔镜肝叶切除组（常规腹腔镜左外叶切除）,每组10头。比较手术时间、术中出血量和切除肝段重量。结果第1个实验中,9头猪完成超声引导下肝段门静脉系统RFA辅助腹腔镜肝段切除,常规腹腔镜切除组10头猪完成手术。门静脉RFA辅助组和常规腹腔镜切除组手术时间分别为（74±16）min和（104±28）min（t=-2.821,P=0.012）,术中出血量分别为（84±20）ml和（114±32）ml（t=-2.416,P=0.027）。第2个实验中,RFA辅助肝实质离断组和常规腹腔镜肝叶切除组手术均顺利完成,2组手术时间无统计学差异[（136±26）min vs.（124±18）min,t=1.200,P=0.246],术中出血量有统计学差异[（110±36）ml vs.（164±50）ml,t=-2.772,P=0.013]。结论超声引导下肝段门静脉系统RFA辅助肝段入肝血流阻断后行腹腔镜肝段切除有助于缩短手术时间和减少术中出血量;RFA辅助肝实质离断的腹腔镜肝左外叶切除与常规腹腔镜肝叶切除相比在不增加手术时间的基础上可以减少术中出血。     

影响肝胆管细胞癌手术预后的临床病理学因素分析

目的分析影响肝胆管细胞癌(ICC)患者手术预后的临床病理学因素。方法回顾性分析行根治性肝切除术的112例ICC患者的临床资料,统计患者术后1年、3年、5年累积生存率,通过单因素和多因素分析影响ICC患者预后的危险因素,并制作列线图模型。结果112例患者的中位生存期为27个月,术后1年、3年及5年的累积生存率分别为72.8%、40.7%、34.0%。单因素分析结果显示,癌胚抗原(CEA)、CA19-9、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、HbsAg、胆管扩张、血管侵犯、局部侵犯、淋巴结转移、卫星结节、肿瘤分化程度、手术切除范围以及肿瘤TNM分期是影响ICC患者肝切除术预后的相关因素;多因素分析结果显示,HbsAg阴性、血管侵犯、卫星结节、肿瘤中低分化以及肿瘤TNM分期为ⅢA/ⅢB期是影响ICC患者预后的独立危险因素。根据多因素分析结果制作的列线图模型能较好地预测ICC患者的术后生存期。结论HbsAg阴性、血管侵犯、卫星结节、肿瘤中低分化以及肿瘤TNM分期为ⅢA/ⅢB期是影响ICC患者根治性肝切除术后生存期的独立危险因素。     

白藜芦醇对部分肝切除术大鼠肝再生和肝组织NK细胞活性的影响*

目的 探讨白藜芦醇(RES)对肝部分切除大鼠肝组织自然杀伤(NK)细胞活性和肝再生的影响。方法 随机将90只SD大鼠分为对照组、小剂量白藜芦醇和大剂量白藜芦醇处理组,各组30只,分别经尾静脉注射生理盐水、白藜芦醇10 g.kg^-1·d^-1和20 g.kg^-1·d^-1,连续5 d,然后行70%肝脏切除术。检测肝脏再生指数,使用流式细胞术测定肝组织NK细胞百分率,采用⁵¹Cr释放法测定NK细胞杀伤活性,采用蛋白印迹法检测肝组织增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)和CyclinD1蛋白表达。结果 在24 h和48 h,大剂量白藜芦醇处理组大鼠肝脏再生指数分别为(1.89±0.04)和(2.45±0.07),显著大于小剂量白藜芦醇处理组【(1.59±0.06)和(2.12±0.05),P<0.05】或对照组【(1.43±0.03)和(1.92±0.05),P<0.05】;大剂量白藜芦醇处理组大鼠NK细胞百分率分别为(24.62±1.36)%和(25.47±1.19)%,显著高于小剂量白藜芦醇处理组【(22.21±1.98)%和(22.36±1.78)%,P<0.05】或对照组【(17.36±1.78)%和(18.65±1.69)%,P<0.05】;大剂量白藜芦醇处理组大鼠NK细胞杀伤活力分别为(48.48±2.69)%和(49.01±2.78)%,显著高于小剂量白藜芦醇处理组【(41.88±2.65)%和(42.32±2.58)%,P<0.05】或对照组【(28.32±2.36)%和(30.12±2.36)%,P<0.05】;大剂量白藜芦醇处理组大鼠肝组织PCNA和CyclinD1蛋白相对表达量显著强于小剂量白藜芦醇处理组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 RES可以促进肝部分切除术大鼠肝再生,可能与增强了NK细胞活性和相关蛋白表达有关。